Choosing the right wood flooring.

The rich patina of wood floors adds beauty and elegance to any home. 

Older homes were once routinely constructed with hardwood floors but that practice was abandoned in the 1950s, when new technologies made wall-to-wall carpeting available. Builders were able to build more homes faster for the post-war baby boom and save money on labor. 

But today, most home owners prefer wood floors to carpet. Hardwoods help give the impression that your home is well-built. And they’re easy to maintain and improve with age, unlike carpet that eventually needs to be replaced. If you have wood floors under carpet, it’s an easy and relatively inexpensive update to tear the carpet out and refinish your floors. 

The most common woods for floors are species of oak, pine, walnut, pecan, birch, beech, ash, cherry, maple, cypress and Alexandra fir. Wood for floors can be exotic, and are prized for their unusual grains and colors. Exotic woods include mahogany, teak, and Brazilian cherry. 

One of the most popular flooring options is actually a grass, not a wood. Bamboo is a quick-growing resource that is easily replenished, making it a good choice for green-building. Bamboo can be cut and finished like any hardwood, and is more durable in some cases. 

The National Wood Flooring Association, or Woodfloors.org says that wood flooring contains real wood as the top-most, wearable surface of the floor and that goes for solid and engineered wood flooring, as well as composite engineered wood flooring, if it has real wood on the wearable surface. 

If you’re building a new home or remodeling your existing home, you have several options: 

Solid hardwoods
Solid hardwoods are the most expensive option. They come in planks of various lengths and are typically ¾” thick. The floors are installed as raw wood and sanded down and stained on site. The advantage is that your floors can be refinished often over the years. Solid hardwoods are not recommended over concrete slab foundations. Disadvantages are that hardwoods cannot be washed with water, water leaks can cause them to bow, and direct sunlight can cause stained finishes to bleach. 

Engineered hardwoods
Composed of layers or plies of wood that are glued together and finished with a laminate, engineered hardwoods are finished with a final layer of hardwood that is generally between ¼” and ½” thick.  The advantage of engineered hardwoods is that they are suitable for any foundation. Drawbacks are that laminated floors usually can’t be refinished. 

Engineered hardwoods come in a variety of styles, such as long strip hardwoods in which the flooring can be installed several “planks” at a time. Parquet floors are also engineered with strips of hardwoods laid like tiles that form patterns such as herringbone. Floating floors are planks that fit together and can be glued or nailed down to the subfloor. 

Stains and finishes
If your floor comes unfinished, you need to know what kind of wood it’s made of in order to select a stain, as different woods can make stain colors change tone. A good way to choose is to ask the installer for samples, or you can go to a local paint and home improvement store and view stain colors. 

Keep in mind that unfinished floors must be sanded, stained and sealed on site, which is labor intensive, time consuming and messy as you wait for each layer to dry. Factory finished floors are usually warrantied, they can be installed immediately which saves time and labor, and only the glue to the subfloor has to dry. 

Finishes are important to choose because they dictate how you will care for your floor. If your floor has a penetrating seal, you will have to wax it to keep it burnished. If the floor is sealed with a urethane, polyurethane or other polymer coat, it’s water resistant and easy to clean with a mop.